In this video we discuss the importance of using specific abstract data structures in Python to store and recover data in specific patterns. Data structures have an interface defined by a set of methods and operations, which can be classified into creation, interfaces, access, and modifiers. We explore how abstract data types allow us to ignore internal implementation details and focus on the external interface, ensuring that behavior remains consistent even if implementation changes. The video covers basic data types in Python, including lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues, and graphs, which can be classified into linear and non-linear data structures. The focus is on linear data structures such as stacks, queues, and lists.