In this video the queue data structure is explained, which is similar to a stack but uses the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) strategy instead of Last-In-First-Out (LIFO). A queue can be thought of as a line of people waiting for an event or in a ticketing machine. The basic operations of a queue are adding and removing elements. Two ways to implement a queue are discussed, including using a list with a naive implementation and inserting elements at the beginning of the list. However, both methods have inefficiencies, such as having to move every element when removing an item or shifting all elements up when adding a new one. The video concludes by mentioning that these issues will be resolved in a future video using linked lists, which will be covered in the next topic of this unit.